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Bloody Sunday ((ドイツ語:Bromberger Blutsonntag); (ポーランド語:Krwawa niedziela)) was a name given by the Nazi-propaganda officials to a sequence of events that took place in Bydgoszcz ((ドイツ語:Bromberg)), a Polish city with a sizable German minority, between 3 and 4 September 1939, immediately after the German invasion of Poland. The sequence started with an attack of German Selbstschutz snipers on retreating Polish troops and then was followed by Polish contraction and final retaliation executed on Polish hostages by Wehrmacht and Selbstschutz, after fall of the city. All these events resulted in death of both German and Polish civilians. Polish Institute of National Remembrance investigation reports and confirms 254 direct victims of Lutheran confession (assumed as German minority victims), 86 direct victims of Catholic confession (assumed as Polish civilian victims) and 20 Polish soldiers dead. Approximately 600-800 Polish hostages were shot in mass execution in the aftermath of the fall of the city. After the Germans took over the city, they killed 1200-3000 Polish and Jewish civilians, as part of Operation Tannenberg. The event and place of execution became known as the Valley of Death. The murdered included the president of Bydgoszcz, Leon Barciszewski. Fifty Polish prisoners of war originating from Bydgoszcz were later falsely accused by Nazi Sondergericht Bromberg summary courts for taking part in "Bloody Sunday" and shot. The term "Bloody Sunday" was created and supported by the Nazi-propaganda officials. An instruction issued by the press said, "... must show news on the barbarism of Poles in Bromberg. The expression "bloody sunday" must enter as a permanent term in the dictionary and circumnavigate the globe. For that reason, this term must be continuously underlined."〔 ==Background== Bydgoszcz (Bromberg) was part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1772, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia during the First Partition of Poland. As a part of Prussia, the city was affected by the unification of Germany in 1871 and became part of the German Empire. It would remain a part of the German Empire until the end of World War I. In February 1920, the Treaty of Versailles awarded the city and the surrounding region to the Second Polish Republic (the administrative region of Pomeranian Voivodeship). This resulted in a number of ethnic Germans leaving the region for Germany. Over the interwar period, the German population decreased even further. The 1931 Polish Census reported the German population in the city was 117,200; according to the German historian Hugo Rasmus, only about 10,000 Germans remained by 1939.〔 The emergence of the Nazi Party in Germany had an important impact on the city. Adolf Hitler revitalized the Völkisch movement, making an appeal to the German minority living outside of Germany's post-World War I borders and recruiting its members for Nazi intelligence. It was Hitler's explicit goal to create a Greater German State by annexing territories of other countries inhabited by German minorities. By March 1939, these ambitions, charges of atrocities on both sides of the German-Polish border, distrust, and rising nationalist sentiment in Nazi Germany led to the complete deterioration of Polish-German relations. Hitler's demands for the Polish inhabited Polish Corridor and Polish resistance to Nazi annexation fueled ethnic tensions. For months prior to the 1939 German invasion of Poland, German newspapers and politicians like Adolf Hitler had carried out a national and international propaganda campaign accusing Polish authorities of organizing or tolerating violent ethnic cleansing of ethnic Germans living in Poland. After armed conflict erupted on 1 September 1939, statements that persecutions of ethnic Germans had occurred in Poland, especially in Bydgoszcz, continued to appear in the Nazi press.〔 The rights and conditions of the German minority in Poland were far better than that for the 1,5 million Polish minority in Germany. Most of the Polish cultural activists ended up in the German concentration camps.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bloody Sunday (1939)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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